FAQ

When improving building energy efficiency, insulation measures have the highest priority. No other measure can save as much energy for heating.

Several studies demonstrate that the production of insulation materials consumes much less energy than is saved later. Even with 30-centimetre thick insulation materials, such as polystyrene, the production energy required is already amortised after about three years.

Houses are used for decades; in terms of their maintenance and modernisation, one must therefore take a long-term view. Every owner who adopts a sustainable approach will invest in the building to maintain or increase its value. Some measures pay for themselves very quickly, others only after 10 or 20 years. In all cases, a properly executed energy retrofit contributes to reducing dependence on rising energy prices by reducing energy consumption for heating. And even if, in rented buildings, the savings in heating energy do not immediately compensate for any increase in rent, one must always take into consideration the fact that heating energy prices are constantly rising. In most cases, therefore, the measures pay off in the long term.

When calculating the cost of an energy modernisation, don't forget that many measures will have to be implemented sooner or later and that financial aid can be requested today.

If you rely on non-airtight windows to ensure good ventilation, you are sure to make a mistake and it will be an expensive error: the exchange of air takes place in a purely random way, depending on the weather conditions and air pressure. On the other hand, on the coldest days you can be sure that you will suffer from heat loss. In addition, there is a risk that moisture in the air will condense on single-glazed windows, leading to the formation of mould. Windows that are not airtight will lead to an unpleasant indoor climate and unnecessarily high heating costs.

In the case of retrofitting, new windows must be installed by a specialist who not only works with the latest materials but also ensures that existing thermal bridges are eliminated.

Mould growth is caused by poor construction standards or poor/insufficient ventilation, not by levels of insulation.

In fact, if you insulate your house properly, you will prevent mould growth. This can be seen in many passive houses and in buildings undergoing energy retrofitting. These buildings are well insulated, airtight and completely free of mould. If the external walls are not satisfactorily insulated or not insulated at all, air moisture condenses in the cold areas, thus giving rise to the development of mould. Thermal insulation of the façade tends to raise the surface temperature of the external wall and prevent moisture from accumulating.

In this context, it is important to identify and eliminate all thermal bridges in the building. These include, for example, window apertures, i.e. the wall surfaces facing into the window or door openings, against which the respective frames are placed. In addition, external walls should not be encumbered with furniture, as this prevents the indoor air from circulating, meaning that the surfaces behind any furniture cool down.

Therefore, in summary, proper insulation of the façade and adequate ventilation are key measures that prevent mould growth.

Yes, it is possible to recycle these batteries. It is regulated by the amended Law of 19 December 2008 on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators, which enacts European Directive 2006/66/EC into Luxembourg law. This directive requires at least 50% of the weight of batteries other than lead-acid and nickel-cadmium types, i.e. lithium-ion batteries, to be recycled.

The components that are currently most attractive for recycling are cobalt, nickel, copper and aluminium. In the medium term, the lithium recycling rate should improve to ensure supply.

For more information or instructions relating to the recycling of these batteries, which are considered to be industrial accumulators, please contact either SuperDrecksKëscht or the Ecobatterien asbl association.

To assess the environmental impact of batteries, it is necessary to take into account the rare and partly at-risk resources (lead, lithium, etc.) consumed, their origins and the mix of electricity used in the production of the batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries are made of cobalt, nickel, copper, aluminium and lithium, as well as other materials. Among these materials, the availability of lithium in particular is a hot topic. Over the short term, reserves are sufficient to guarantee the manufacture of the batteries; nevertheless, it will be necessary to improve the recycling capacity of lithium to ensure supply over the medium term.

Analysis of the environmental impact of these batteries is currently a major topic of research. Although there have already been positive developments in terms of cost effectiveness, performance and the environmental impact of batteries, they are still under intense development and significant progress is expected in the near future.

Thin-film panels (i.e. cells made of copper, indium, gallium and selenium, known as CIGS, and CdTe) are becoming increasingly common. This technology allows for greater energy savings and reductions in environmental impact than the current types, as the production method is simpler and the need for raw materials is lower. These cells are already showing yields higher than 20%. In addition, owing to their slimness, these modules offer more flexibility in terms of installation, allowing for curved shapes or easier integration into a façade or roof.

Beyond current technologies, the development of what are known as multi-junction cells promises even higher levels of efficiency through the stacking of single-junction cells. These cells are composed of two or more different active layers that enable different parts of the solar spectrum to be captured.

Thin-film modules are already available on the market; however, these technologies are still being developed. Commercial maturity can be expected in the next few years. These multi-junction cells are currently still under development but should be available on the market shortly.

Yes, in general it is possible to repair them, with the exception of broken glass.

Currently, most panels destined for recycling are faulty panels or panels that have been damaged during transport. Where possible, therefore, repair is the best method of giving panels a second life, thereby extending the life cycle of panels that would otherwise be recycled.

According to the law of 9 June 2022 on waste electrical and electronic equipment, the producer is responsible for the collection and processing of photovoltaic panels.

Producer means any natural person or legal entity who manufactures photovoltaic panels in Luxembourg or initially imports them onto the Luxembourg market. Any person established in another Member State or in a third country who, on a professional basis, supplies photovoltaic panels directly to a user in Luxembourg is considered a producer. In practice, in the majority of cases, this is the installer of the photovoltaic plant in Luxembourg.

Possibilities for owners to dispose of their old photovoltaic panels 

For photovoltaic panels put on the market before 13/08/2005 :

• in case of replacement of the photovoltaic panels, the take back of the old panel is free of charge and must be ensured by the company supplying the new equipment
• in case of dismantling of the photovoltaic panel (non-replacement of the panel), the removal by a professional collector is done against payment by the user

For photovoltaic panels placed on the market after 13/08/2005 :

• free take-back by the producer who bears the costs of collection and recovery of the photovoltaic panels.